Boldly Go One Step Closer To Where It All Began. Strange New Worlds S4 Streaming July 23 on Paramount+. https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/star-trek-strange-new-worlds/
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How do you get entangled particles? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comic co-host Chuck Nice unpack the experimental side of entanglement, superposition, and the quantum underpinnings of our universe with experimental physicist, Sean Hodgman.
How do you entangle particles? Can you entangle larger things, like atoms? Sean describes his job cooling helium atoms to a millionth of a degree above absolute zero to form a Bose-Einstein condensate. Learn about momentum entanglement and why entangling atoms rather than photons matters. Could entangling atoms open the window to quantum gravity?
What is superposition, really? Sean walks Chuck through quantum superpositions, Einstein’s criticisms of “spooky action at a distance,”and Bell’s Theorem. How do you actually entangle a particle, and how do you know it worked? What are the different subtypes of entanglement beyond momentum? Has studying entanglement changed how physicists understand reality? Could you ever use entanglement for faster-than-light communication? Why does the no-communication theorem say no, while quantum encryption says there's still something useful here?
The episode closes on the biggest questions: is there an upper size limit to entanglement? Could spacetime itself emerge from a network of entangled particles? Would we notice if entanglement were switched off and could quantum effects be quietly underpinning DNA stability, bird navigation, and photosynthesis?
Thanks to our Patrons Dominic B., Chirag Trasikar, Chase Dishman, Benjamin Rogers, Anthony Smith, Matt J, Bill Fisher, Gregory Shaw, Jesse Phelps, Shakil Chagani, Valentine, Sayrah rana, Linda Corbin, Kerry Gallagher, Emma Korein, Kate, Sara Drollinger, brad hodge, William Colt, Jill Campbell, Sai Dev Mahajan, Damien Hewlett, Ryan Christensen, Matthew Barrett, Pau Ferrer, Navindra Persaud, Felipe Marcondes, Deatric Wilson, Ashish Paka, Larry, BRUNO, Adán Rodríguez, Eneida Paulo, Todd P., Francesco Chionchio, Crouton, Anton Bursch, odamai, Brayden Malley, John Hamm, Tim Timrawi, Kuang kai Peter Tou, Adam Fry, Raylen, Pele_Glendale, Balázs Pető, Sergiu Calin, Shane King, Torstein Sundnes, Deonne, Mark Bailey, Rodrigo Gómez, Bri, Richard Riley, James Gray, adam, Kyle, Tam Lee, Liz Schwabedissen, Jim Dulian, and Jesse for supporting us this week.
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction: Sean Hodgeman
01:39 - Creating A Bose-Einstein Condensate
8:10 - How to Entangle Atoms
10:52 - How Long Do They Stay Entangled?
14:39 - Understanding Superpositions
16:40 - Bell Inequality Theorem & Interference Patterns
19:55 - How Do You Know It’s Entangled
23:51 - Subtypes of Entanglement
27:18 - Entanglement & Reality
30:42 - Is There a Size Limit to Entanglement?
33:48 - Subspace Communication
37:24 - Is The Universe Woven Out of Entangled Particles?
42:27 - Quantum Fluctuations Effect on Entanglement
45:05 - If Particle Entanglement Stopped
47:50 - Why Does Distance Matter For Spooky Action at a Distance?
49:54 - Not Messing it Up
52:49 - Math vs. Experiments vs. Philosophy
56:40 - How Does a Particle with Mass Function as a Wave Cloud
58:33 - Leading the entanglement
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