Traditional ship propulsion relies on horizontal shafts that push water directly backward, requiring a rudder for steering and engine reversal to go backward. In contrast, vertical axis propulsion utilizes vertical blades arranged in a circle under the hull that continuously alter their pitch while rotating.
Known as the Voith Schneider Propeller, this unique design generates thrust in any direction instantly. By adjusting individual blade angles during rotation, ships can maneuver forwards, backwards, sideways, or diagonally without rotating the propeller casing or relying on a traditional rudder.
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